Break into cars with remote keyless systems using a $17 power amplifier
Modern vehicles are safer than ever, but the rise of smart keys and advanced electronic systems has created new vulnerabilities—especially when it comes to hacking and digital car theft. Criminals no longer need to break a window or force a lock; instead, they use technology to intercept or mimic the signals your smart key sends to your car. Understanding how these methods work can help you protect your vehicle and reduce the risk of becoming a target.
How Smart Keys Work
Smart keys (also called proximity keys or keyless entry fobs) allow you to unlock and start your vehicle without inserting a physical key. When you approach the car, the fob sends a coded signal that the vehicle recognizes. If the code matches, the doors unlock and the push-to-start button activates. This convenience, however, comes with security challenges.
Relay Attacks: The Most Common Smart Key Hack
One of the biggest threats to vehicles with smart systems is the relay attack. Thieves use two small electronic devices—one near your home and one near your car—to extend the signal of your key fob. This tricks the car into believing the key is next to it, allowing thieves to unlock and start the vehicle without ever touching the real key.
- The first device “captures” the signal from inside your home.
- The second device “relays” that signal to your car, often parked on the street or driveway.
- The car unlocks and starts as if your key were present.
Signal Amplification and Signal Boosting
Some criminals use signal boosters to increase the effective range of a smart key. This is similar to a relay attack but works by amplifying the existing signal rather than relaying it. Cars with always-on keyless entry systems are the most vulnerable, because the fob constantly emits a low-level wireless signal.
Key Cloning
Certain older smart key systems can be cloned. This involves capturing the fob’s code and creating a duplicate fob that the vehicle accepts as authentic. While modern encryption makes this much harder, older models and some economy vehicles still use weaker systems that are easier to exploit.
CAN Bus Attacks
Cars with advanced electronics use a network called the CAN bus to communicate between components. Thieves sometimes break into wheel wells or bumpers to access exposed wiring. With special devices, they can send false commands—like unlocking the doors—without ever interacting with the key or fob. This type of attack bypasses both locks and alarms.
App and Bluetooth Exploits
Some vehicles allow owners to lock, unlock, or start the car through smartphone apps. If hackers breach the account, intercept login data, or exploit app vulnerabilities, they can control your car remotely. Weak passwords or reused passwords increase this risk dramatically.
How to Protect Your Vehicle From Smart Key Theft
- Use a Faraday pouch: Blocks the key’s wireless signal when not in use.
- Turn off passive entry (if your car allows it): This prevents constant broadcasting of your key’s signal.
- Store your key away from doors and windows: Makes relay attacks harder.
- Use a steering wheel lock: A physical barrier thieves often avoid.
- Park in a garage or well-lit area: Reduces access for CAN bus attacks.
- Use strong passwords for vehicle apps: Helps prevent account takeover.
- Update your car’s software: Manufacturers release patches for security issues.
Why Smart Keys Are Still More Secure Than Older Keys
Even with hacking risks, smart keys are far harder to steal physically. Old-style vehicles could be hot-wired, punched, or forced open easily. Today’s immobilizer systems rely on digital coding, rolling encryption, and multi-factor authentication between the car and the key. As long as owners take basic precautions, smart key systems offer strong security.
Signs Your Vehicle May Have Been Targeted
- Your car unlocks by itself or alarms trigger randomly.
- You notice damage around wheel wells or bumpers.
- Your key’s range suddenly seems much shorter or unreliable.
- Your vehicle app shows logins you don’t recognize.
If you suspect tampering, it’s wise to change your fob battery, reset your app credentials, and consider consulting a locksmith or dealer for a system scan.
Conclusion
Smart keys have transformed convenience and security in the automotive world, but they also introduce new digital risks. Understanding how modern car theft tactics work allows you to take simple steps to protect yourself. Tools like Faraday pouches, steering locks, and secure parking can significantly reduce the risk of relay or hacking attacks. With the right precautions, you can enjoy the convenience of a smart key without compromising the safety of your vehicle.